Management has been practiced in some form or the other since the dawn of civilization. Ever since human beings began to live and work together in groups, techniques of organization and management were evolved. The Summerian Civilization dating back to 300 B.C. had an efficient system of tax calculation. The pyramids of Egypt, The Chinese Civil service, The Roman Catholic church, and military organization offer good examples of the application of management in ancient times.
The early contributions to management thought came from RCC. the principles of hierarchy of authority, territorial organization, functionally specialization, etc. developed in the RCC, Military Organizations contributed division of work, secular principle and staff concept. The camera lists were a group of Austrian and German pubic administrators and intellectuals from 16 to 18 centuries. They stressed systematic administration of the state affairs. They formulated the principle of functions=al specialization, proper selection and training of administrators, work simplification, effective control, etc.
thus, the art of management has ancient origins. However, the science of management developed largely after the Industrial revolution, which established the factory system. Scientific management movement laid the foundation of management as a science.
0 comments:
Post a Comment